The Physics of Relaxation

The Physics of Relaxation    

Newton stated "Every body perseveres in its state of being at rest or of moving uniformly straight forward, except insofar as it is compelled to change its state by force impressed."  When we realize that, in the absolute sense, nothing is at rest except to an observer who is moving in the same frame of reference, we begin to see that everything is in constant motion relative to something.  An example would be to say that a meteorite comes hurtling through space and crashes into the Earth. Or another accurate description is that the Earth and the Solar System came rushing through the space/time continuum and collided with a meteorite.

    We can only test what we observe, "a body in motion tends to stay in that motion until altered." We cannot assume "a body at rest tends to stay at rest." Because we cannot create at this time something at rest in the universe.  Even if we could create such an impossible item, the expanding universe would move with respect to it, imparting relative motion instantly.  It follows that an object at rest will instantly acquire motion as the universe expands with respect to it.

    Motion without force applied is then a certainty, inasmuch as the universe is constantly expanding and imparting motion to everything within it. This only applies to an observer within the Universe, an observer in the Multiverse would see the Universe in motion and the object at rest. This leads to the observation that to that external observer, an object which was acted upon by a force that caused it to cease to move with respect to the multiverse would then have come to rest, even though to an observer within the Universe it would have begun to move.

   Now we see that all motion is relative and Newton's Laws are simply an explanation of motion without respect to the point of observation.  Motion is a vector and Force is seen to be different than we supposed. If we allow the existence of more dimensions than we normally perceive we can only come to one conclusion.  Objects can, and will, move without the application of Force as the point of observation is altered.  An object we perceive to be stationary is in motion with respect to time and space, the observer who is moving will see this easily.  If an observer is within a different dimensional framework, that observation may show motion along another dimensional axis, one which we cannot see.

    This could explain "spooky action at a distance" if the item observed was at rest within a dimension we cannot perceive. An example would be a particle of light, at rest in the sixth dimension, moving across space while entangled with another particle of light, also at rest in the sixth dimension. When one was polarized the other would also be, due to the fact that they are at rest in another dimension and actions on either are actually actions upon both.  This implies that multiple dimensions exist, since we can see the effects indirectly. Subatomic particles which have spin probably move through multiple dimensions as they rotate,
giving them properties which seem to indicate multiple types of particles since the observed properties of any particle would depend upon its dimensional orientation.

  Inasmuch as Neutrinos have only spin, this makes them the perfect particle to analyze with respect to this proposition.  They seem to exist in multiple flavors, caused by the type of decay leading to their creation.  If the decay process simply causes the neutrino to become apparent with a different dimensional perspective, then there is only one particle and the difference in properties is caused by observation, not an indication of more than one particle.  The problem is that as the orientation of the particle changes due to spin, it should seem to become another 'flavor' so that any neutrino would 'cycle' through all flavors as
it moved through space.  Such changes in orientation would also be reflected in speed of motion and perhaps direction, depending on the properties of the dimensions through which they rotate.  Since the aforementioned dimensions have not been explored, and further the properties are completely unknown, the exact parameters of change with respect to subatomic particles can only be theoretical and therefore probably wrong.  It is even possible that these unobserved dimensions are equal or superior to the ones we perceive and produce effects that we interpret incorrectly due to our not knowing of their existence.

   The point of all this involved rhetoric is to show that, when I am sitting on my couch in my living room, I am not moving. I am at rest and the rest of the universe is moving with respect to me. My observational framework and dimensional orientation are such that unless force is applied to me, I shall not move. Now go away and let me rest.

...

   The following is a set of quotations from various webpages on physics that illustrate how different the classical view is from the view I take.

   "In dimensional analysis, a dimensionless quantity or quantity of dimension one is a quantity without an associated physical dimension. It is thus a "pure" number, and as such always has a dimension of 1. {one what?}
    Dimensionless quantities are widely used in mathematics, physics, engineering, economics, and in everyday life (such as in counting).
Numerous well-known quantities, such as π, e, and φ, are dimensionless. By contrast, non-dimensionless quantities are measured in units of length, area, time, etc.  Dimensionless quantities are often defined as products or ratios of quantities that are not dimensionless, but whose dimensions cancel out when their powers are multiplied. This is the case, for instance, with the engineering strain, a measure of deformation. It is defined as change in length, divided by initial length, but since these quantities both have dimensions L (length), the result is a dimensionless quantity. {Strain is therefore a product of unperceived dimensions}

   When viscous dissipation effects are important in duct flows the Brinkman number is widely used to quantify the relationship between the heat generated by dissipation and the heat exchanged at the wall. For Newtonian laminar fully developed pipe flow the use of the classical expression for this dimensionless group is appropriate, but under different conditions, it can lead to misleading conclusions, such as when comparing flows through different cross-section ducts, flow regimes, and mainly non-Newtonian flows. {Dissipation is thus multi-dimensional as well}

   The Reynolds Number, the non-dimensional velocity, can be defined as the ratio of the inertia force (ρ u L) and the viscous or friction force (μ) and interpreted as the ratio of twice the dynamic pressure (ρ u2) and the shearing stress (μ u / L) and can be expressed as

Re = (ρ u2) / (μ u / L)

    = ρ u L / μ

    = u L / ν      


   As an object moves through the atmosphere, the gas molecules of the atmosphere near the object are disturbed and move around the object. Aerodynamic forces are generated between the gas and the object. The magnitude of these forces depend on the shape of the object, the speed of the object, the mass of the gas going by the object and on two other important properties of the gas; the viscosity, or stickiness, of the gas and the compressibility, or springiness, of the gas. To properly model these effects, aerodynamicists use similarity parameters which are ratios of these effects to other forces present in the problem.   Aerodynamic forces depend in a complex way on the viscosity of the gas. As an object moves through a gas, the gas molecules stick to the surface. This creates a layer of air near the surface, called a boundary layer, which, in effect, changes the shape of the object. The flow of gas reacts to the edge of the boundary layer as if it was the physical surface of the object. To make things more confusing, the boundary layer may separate from the body and create an effective shape much different from the physical shape. And to make it even more confusing, the flow conditions in and near the boundary layer are often unsteady (changing in time). The boundary layer is very important in determining the drag of an object. To determine and predict these conditions, aerodynamicists rely on wind tunnel testing and very sophisticated computer analysis.
    The important similarity parameter for viscosity is the Reynolds number. The Reynolds number expresses the ratio of inertial (resistant to change or motion) forces to viscous (heavy and gluey) forces. From a detailed analysis of the momentum conservation equation, the inertial forces are characterized by the product of the density r times the velocity V times the gradient of the velocity dV/dx. The viscous forces are characterized by the dynamic viscosity coefficient mu times the second gradient of the velocity d^2V/dx^2. The Reynolds number Re then becomes:

Re = (r * V * dV/dx) / (mu * d^2V/dx^2)

The gradient of the velocity is proportional to the velocity divided by a length scale L. Similarly, the second derivative of the velocity is proportional to the velocity divided by the square of the length scale. Then:

Re = (r * V * V/L) / (mu * V / L^2)

Re = (r * V * L) / mu

The Reynolds number is a dimensionless number. High values of the parameter (on the order of 10 million) indicate that viscous forces are small and the flow is essentially inviscid. The Euler equations can then be used to model the flow. Low values of the parameter (on the order of 1 hundred) indicate that viscous forces must be considered.   The Reynolds number can be further simplified by using the kinematic viscosity nu that is equal to the dynamic viscosity divided by the density:
nu = mu / r
Re = V * L / nu

    All of this leads us to the realization that Singularities, or Black Holes, exude energy via their interaction with dimensions we do not perceive directly, Hawking energy notwithstanding. Because V is greater than C {the universal constant} the length scale can be small given that the density is virtually absolute.  Energy must be exuded because neutrinos cannot be compressed, being a superfluid under spacetime contraction, and thus must escape somehow.